2008美国总统大选程序概述

1、Elections in US are held once in four years. The whole process begins one-year in advance before the General Presidential Election for electing the president. The US Constitution is divided into three branches of Government.

2、The branches are Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. The congress which is again divided into two parts,heads the legislative branch. The first part is represented by House of Representatives and the other part by Senate.

3、President along with Vice President Heads the Executive Branch. Supreme Court controls the judicial system. There is a parliamentary democracy in USA and people through Voting elect the president. The tenure of an US President is for a period of 4 years and can be extended for another 4 years, so the total number of years that a person can be US President is 8 Years at most.

4、President along with Vice President Heads the Executive Branch. Supreme Court controls the judicial system. There is a parliamentary democracy in USA and people through Voting elect the president. The tenure of an US President is for a period of 4 years and can be extended for another 4 years, so the total number of years that a person can be US President is 8 Years at most.

5、Cabinet members are appointed by the President who do not take part in the legislature, which is generally the case in most of the parliamentary systems of government. The voters determine the future member of the house on the election day where all the 435 seats are at stake and they elect one third of the US Senate, where 50 states are represented by 100 Senators, which underlies a two year term, US Senate reelects it's members every two years.

6、or filling a vacancy, special elections take place which are broken up into three types Primary (Called the Primaries),general and the local elections.

7、Primary Election :

8、In the congressional election process if more than one candidate from the same party seeks to fight then primary election is held. Where candidates are nominated by political parties and then votes are given. There are two types of Primaries election. Open election and Closed election. In open election any eligible voter can vote regardless of which party he represents where as in close election only members of the respective party can vote. Primary elections start in January and last until June in the election year.

9、General Election :

10、This election is held to choose the final candidate which are nominated by parties running as independents or Write-In-candidates. In addition where the division of party candidates is not decided in the primary the runoffs take place in general election. A General election is held on the first Tuesday of November in even-numbered years called the Election Day. The candidate getting the highest number of votes wins.

11、In presidential elections, electoral votes are allotted equal to the sum of US representations and senators from that state. District of Columbia has three electoral votes even though it is not a state.

12、The presidential candidate who wins more number of votes wins that state's electoral votes. Once the elections in states are certified, the votes won by each candidate are counted.

13、If a candidate receives at least 270 electoral votes out of 538 then he is declared as the winner and if no one wins with a majority then House of Representatives choose a winner, with one vote each for states.

14、2008年1月3日，美国民主、共和两党将召开艾奥瓦州党团会议，其结果将决定艾奥瓦州支持的两党总统候选人。艾奥瓦州党团会议意味着2008年美国总统大选正式进入初选阶段。两天后的1月5日，怀俄明州将举行党团会议；1月8日，东北部的新罕布什尔州将举行初选。

15、美国总统选举的程序大致可以分为三个阶段。选举年之前的劳动节（9月第一个星期一）一般被看作竞选活动正式开始的标志。

16、第一阶段：从9月初到12月底、1月初

17、这是选举的这是两党各个候选人争取党内支持者的主要时间。2008年总统大选的这一阶段是从2007年的9月3日到2008年的1月2日。

18、不过，近年来美国总统竞选活动有提前的趋势。美国媒体实际上从2006年甚至更早就开始讨论大选的可能人选了。民主党方面的希拉里·克林顿、巴拉克·奥巴马，共和党方面的鲁迪·朱利安尼在几年前就被猜测为可能的总统候选人。

19、到2006年年底、2007年年初，多数候选人已经成立了“探寻委员会”，或者宣布参选。在2007年的上半年，媒体上有关竞选的报道已经连篇累牍。可以说，此次总统选举战比过去提前一年即已开始。

20、第二阶段：初选阶段。

21、大体上是从选举年的年初到夏季，各州将陆续举行初选或者党团会议，决定各州支持的候选人。初选的结果将在夏季举行的两党全国代表大会上得以确认或者最后决定。

22、今年美国总统初选过程将从1月3日的艾奥瓦州党团会议持续到6月3日的南达科他州初选，为时5个月。民主党全国代表大会日期定在8月25日到28日；共和党全国代表大会则定在9月1日至4日。目前，美国2008年大选已经进入这一阶段。

23、第三阶段：理论上说，从夏季到11月初。

24、民主、共和两大党推出的两组正副总统候选人将展开正式的总统竞选。实际上，在多数情况下，两党某一候选人在初选中很快会脱颖而出（今年的初选最早可能在2月5日“超级星期二”之后即见分晓），那么这一阶段实际上在春季就已经开始了。

25、除了民主、共和两党外，其他小党以及独立候选人并没有初选这一程序，他们直接进入全国大选，并可能坚持到最后，只不过他们赢得选举的机会几乎为零。

26、美国总统选举的日期是11月份的第一个星期一后的第一个星期二，此次选举的时间为2008年11月4日。在正常情况下，如果不出现类似2000年那样的选举争议，总统选举的实质部分至此即告结束，2009年1月6日选举人团的投票实际上只是履行手续。2009年1月20日，美国新一届总统就将宣誓就职。

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